Backup the OSCAR database (e.g., mysqldump -uroot -p oscar15 > oscar_20180108.sql). Save the backup to a secure external location. (These instruction are for an "in-place" upgrade of the OSCAR database. The backup will be needed if the "in-place" upgrade fails unexpectedly.)
IMPORTANT: Install MariaDB 5.5 from the Ubuntu repo while still running Ubuntu 14.04.x (will replace MySQL 5.5) (sudo service tomcat7 stop; apt-get install mariadb-server; sudo service tomcat7 start)
Test that Oscar is still running OK with MariaDB 5.5
If you are still running Oracle Java 7 or earlier, upgrade to Oracle Java 8. Otherwise, OSCAR may fail to start with Ubuntu 16.04.x